Conversions to Kelvin
- 0°F = 255.372K
- 32°F = 273.15K
- 70°F = 294.261K
- 212°F = 373.15K
States of Matter Simulation Lab
Describe how the water molecules are aligned and attracted to each other. Which atoms are attracted to which other atoms?
The water molecules are aligned with the hydrogen atoms and touching the oxygen atoms. They are all attracted and stuck together at oxygen.
Discuss why this statement is not true for water: As a liquid freezes, the molecules come closer together and have greater attraction for each other.
They do not have greater attraction, however, their attraction slows done as they begin to freeze. This results in them being arranged in fixed positions. done as they begin to freeze. This results in them being arranged in fixed positions.
Temperature & Pressure to Make Oxygen a Liquid
- Temperature: 117K
- Pressure: 3.3 atm
Molecule Polarity
In terms of polarity, why are salt ions easily dissolved in water? At the molecular level, why does the addition of salt prevent the formation of ice at certain temperatures
Salt ions can easily be dissolved in water because water is a universal solvent meaning many substances can dissolve in it. Typically a rule of thumb is that solvents will dissolve substances that have similar molecular structures. The reason the addition of salt prevents formation of ice at certain temperatures is because the salt molecules displace the water molecules.
Wisconsin Science Standards
SCI.PS1.A.m
The fact that matter is composed of atoms and molecules can be used to explain the properties of substances, diversity of materials, states of matter, phase changes, and conservation of matter.
SCI.PS1.B.2
Heating or cooling a substance may cause changes that can be observed. Sometimes these changes are reversible, and sometimes they are not.
Visualizing Chemistry 